Главная – Журналы – Химия в интересах устойчивого развития 2003 номер 1

The development of civilization is inevitably connected with the increase of energy consumption. Nowadays the main part of energy is produced through incineration of organic fuel, the products of fuel combustion (CO₂) being discharged into atmosphere. However the ecological problems impelled the world community to intensify their activity in order to decrease CO₂ emission. There is a great number of known chemical reactions, both catalytic and non-catalytic, which bound CO₂ chemically into various products. Specifically, the processes of hydrogen reduction of CO₂ may proceed with the production of methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), methane, light hydrocarbons, or liquid motor fuels. Among these, the processes of motor fuel production on the bi-functional catalysts are most likely to be industrially applied in a large scale. The scientific and technological aspects of the processes of hydrogen reduction of carbon dioxide are considered with regard to CO₂ utilization. The influences of the catalysts composition, pressure, temperature, (H₂–CO₂)/(CO + CO₂) ratio, duration of the test run (up to 1000 h) on the activity and selectivity of the bi-functional catalysts in the synthesis of liquid motor fuels were studied. Depending on the composition of the liquid organic products, utilization of carbon in CO è CO₂ comprised 70 to 90%.